The Russia-linked threat group known as APT28 has been observed using a new backdoor in a series of attacks targeting military and government institutions, researchers with threat intelligence company Cluster25 reveal.
Active since at least 2007 and also tracked as Fancy Bear, Pawn Storm, Sednit, Strontium, and Tsar Team, APT28 is well known for its cyber-espionage operations targeting the 2016 Presidential elections in the United States, but is also associated with attacks on NATO countries and with activities against organizations in the energy and transportation sectors.
APT28, which is believed to be a military unit of Russia’s General Staff Main Intelligence Directorate (GRU) 85th Main Special Service Center (GTsSS), mainly focuses on the military, government, and diplomatic sectors, and the newly detailed campaign is no different.
For initial access, the threat actor is known to use tactics such as watering hole attacks, social engineering, zero-day vulnerabilities, and stolen credentials, followed by the deployment of tools and malware that allow it to achieve persistence and gain access to information of interest.
While the tactics observed in this campaign were no different from previous attacks, what stood out was the use of a new backdoor that Cluster25’s researchers have dubbed SkinnyBoy. The implant is fully operational and functional, but lacks the sophistication expected from a nation-state tool, likely in an effort to hinder attribution.
“With great probability, considering the group’s capabilities, the tactic of significantly lowering these levels becomes functional with an attempt to make any attribution effort more complex,” Cluster25 researchers note.
In another attempt to hide their tracks, the adversary employed commercial VPN services to purchase and manage the infrastructure used in this campaign.
The attacks would start with spear-phishing emails delivering a Word document carrying malicious macros that extract a DLL designed to fetch the SkinnyBoy dropper, which achieves persistence and downloads all the components for the next stage.
To evade detection, the dropper does not execute the downloaded payloads. Instead, it creates the persistence mechanism necessary to execute them later: a LNK file is placed in the Windows Startup folder. When executed, the payload acts as the backdoor’s launcher.
The SkinnyBoy implant was designed to exfiltrate information from the infected system, as well as to fetch and run directly in memory the final payload, “which probably exhibits typical backdoor behaviors,” Cluster25 notes.
“After a period of observation of the described threat and an in-depth analysis of the identified victimology, Cluster25 team attributes the SkinnyBoy implant and the related attack to Russian group known as APT28/FancyBear with a mid-to-high confidence,” the researchers conclude.
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