Qualys Flags Gaping Security Holes in Exim Mail Server

Security researchers document 21 major security vulnerabilities in Exim and warn that users are exposed to remote code execution flaws 

Security researchers at Qualys have discovered multiple gaping security holes in Exim, a widely deployed mail server that has been targeted in the past by advanced nation state-based threat actors.

An advisory from Qualys documents a total of 21 security vulnerabilities, 10 serious enough to expose Exim mail servers to remote code execution attacks. 

Qualys said it reported the flaws to Exim since last October and noted that some of the vulnerabilities have been present in Exim since at least 2004, Qualys warned.

From the advisory:

We recently audited central parts of the Exim mail server and discovered 21 vulnerabilities (from CVE-2020-28007 to CVE-2020-28026, plus CVE-2021-27216): 11 local vulnerabilities, and 10 remote vulnerabilities. Unless otherwise noted, all versions of Exim are affected since at least the beginning of its Git history, in 2004.

During the course of the research, Qualys said its team successfully exploited three remote code-execution flaws and four local privilege escalation bugs to gain root access on vulnerable mail servers.

[RELATED: NSA Publishes IOCs Associated With Russian Targeting of Exim Servers ]

“We will not publish our exploits for now; instead, we encourage other security researchers to write and publish their own exploits,” the company said, noting that the advisory contains sufficient information to develop reliable exploits for these vulnerabilities,” Qualys said. “In fact, we believe that better exploitation methods exist.”

A separate note from Exim maintainers contains information on applying security patches. The group blamed “several internal reasons” for the extended delays in responding to these security issues.

While not as familiar to many as Microsoft Exchange, Exim is widely deployed and is estimated to power more than half of the Internet’s mail servers and is pre-installed in several Linux distributions. According to a March 2021 scan by E-Soft, roughly 60% of publicly-accessible email servers run Exim.

Exim servers have been the target of advanced threat actors in the past, with the NSA warning in May 2020 that Russia-linked threat actors had been exploiting installations of the popular email server. In June 2019, multiple cybercriminals were exploiting a vulnerability in Exim (CVE-2019-10149), including an effort by at least one threat actor to install crypto-mining software.

Related: Several Exim Vulnerabilities Exploited in Russia-Linked Attacks

Related: Hackers Target Recent Vulnerability in Exim Mail Server

Related: NSA Publishes IOCs Associated With Russian Targeting of Exim Servers