Botnets have become a fixture in the threat landscape, and are in a state of evolution as they learn and use newer, more evolved cybercriminal attack techniques.

Botnets are becoming more malicious, sometimes able to create hundreds of thousands of drones that can attack a variety of machines, including Mac systems, Linux, Windows systems, edge devices, IoT devices, and so on.

The fact that so many large and high-profile enterprises fall prey to ransomware attacks that in many cases does not pose any new technical challenge suggests that there are still many gaps that needs to be closed.

Each side of the public-private collaboration has resources and capabilities that shore up the other and increase effectiveness in combatting cybercrime.