The threat group believed to be responsible for the attack on IT management company SolarWinds has developed new malware as it continues to target organizations that possess data relevant to Russian interests.
One year has passed since the discovery of the breach at SolarWinds and — despite their activities being analyzed and exposed by cybersecurity companies and researchers — the threat actor that launched the attack continues to target governments and private businesses, with their main goal apparently being the theft of data that could be useful to the Russian government.
Incident response and threat intelligence firm Mandiant on Monday published a new report describing the threat group’s most recent activities. The company tracks the threat actor and apparently related activity clusters as UNC2452, UNC3004 and UNC2652. Microsoft tracks the group as Nobelium, while others have linked the attacks to APT29 and Cozy Bear. There is wide consensus that the activity is conducted by a Russian intelligence agency.
In its new report, Mandiant reveals that the hackers have been using a new, custom downloader named CEELOADER. The malware is installed using the Cobalt Strike Beacon implant and it serves as a downloader that decrypts a shellcode payload executed in the compromised device’s memory.
Luke Jenkins, senior analyst at Mandiant, told SecurityWeek that CEELOADER was first identified on victims’ systems in the third quarter of 2021.
Jenkins noted that Microsoft currently tracks the malware as a variant of VaporRage, which the tech giant described in May. However, the expert has pointed out that while CEELOADER does share some similarities with VaporRage — they both function as a downloader for a second-stage encrypted payload — CEELOADER has junk code and other changes to make analysis more difficult. In addition, CEELOADER uses AES-256 to encrypt payloads, whereas VaporRage relies on a basic XOR algorithm.
“The use of CEELOADER continues to demonstrate that this threat actor is well resourced and when needed, can develop custom malware to fit their needs,” Jenkins said.
Doug Bienstock, incident response manager at Mandiant, said in an email that the threat actor’s targeting has largely remained consistent over the last few months.
“The threat actor is ultimately interested in government, consulting, and NGOs that have data of interest to the Russian government,” Bienstock said.
In its latest report, Mandiant also described the group’s use of credentials likely obtained from an info-stealer malware typically used by cybercriminals, and methods used to bypass multi-factor authentication. The report also describes the use of accounts with application impersonation privileges for harvesting mail data, the use of residential IP proxy services and newly provisioned geo-located infrastructure to communicate with compromised systems, and new methods used by the attackers to bypass security restrictions.
Despite their operations being exposed following the SolarWinds supply chain attack, the cyberspies have continued targeting companies that provide tech solutions and services in an effort to reach their targets.
In an October report on Nobelium activities, Microsoft said it had informed more than 600 customers about roughly 23,000 attacks since July.
On Monday, France’s national cybersecurity agency ANSSI also issued an alert regarding Nobelium attacks. The agency warned that it had been aware of phishing campaigns aimed at French entities since February 2021. ANSSI has made available indicators of compromise (IoCs) and other information associated with the attacks.
“These campaigns have succeeded in compromising email accounts belonging to French organisations, and then using these to send weaponised emails to foreign institutions. Moreover, French public organisations have also been recipients of spoofed emails sent from supposedly compromised foreign institutions,” the agency said.
Related: Microsoft Details FoggyWeb Backdoor Used by SolarWinds Hackers
Related: SolarWinds Hackers Impersonate U.S. Government Agency in New Attacks