The FBI this week issued a private industry notification to warn organizations about the malicious activities conducted by an Iranian cyber company named Emennet Pasargad.
The agency has described their tactics, techniques and procedures (TTPs) and it has shared several recommendations for preventing and detecting attacks.
In November 2021, the U.S Treasury Department announced sanctions against six Iranian nationals and a company involved in a campaign whose goal was to influence the 2020 presidential election.
The company in question is Emennet Pasargad, previously known as Eeleyanet Gostar and Net Peygard Samavat — the company has regularly rebranded to evade U.S. sanctions. Emennet has provided cybersecurity services within Iran, including to government organizations.
On the day the Treasury announced the sanctions, the Justice Department announced charges against two of Emennet’s employees, who were allegedly responsible for hacking and misinformation activities related to the presidential election.
In the alert issued this week, the FBI noted that in addition to its election-focused operation, the Emennet threat actor conducted “traditional cyber exploitation activity,” targeting sectors such as news, shipping, travel, oil and petrochemical, telecoms, and financial. They targeted the United States, Europe and the Middle East.
The hackers leveraged various VPNs to hide their location, and used several open source and commercial tools in their operations, including SQLmap, Acunetix, DefenseCode, Wappalyzer, Dnsdumpster, Netsparker, wpscan, and Shodan.
In the reconnaissance phase of their hacking operations, the threat actor chose potential victims by searching the web for major organizations representing various sectors. They would then try to find vulnerabilities in their software for initial access.
“In some instances, the objective may have been to exploit a large number of networks/websites in a particular sector as opposed to a specific organization target. In other situations, Emennet would also attempt to identify hosting/shared hosting services,” the FBI said.
The hackers were also observed targeting popular content management systems such as WordPress and Drupal, as well as exposed databases. In many cases they attempted to use default passwords to gain access to a targeted system.
“FBI information indicates the group has attempted to leverage cyber intrusions conducted by other actors for their own benefit. This includes searching for data hacked and leaked by other actors, and attempting to identify webshells that may have been placed or used by other cyber actors,” the FBI said.
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