Over a dozen vulnerabilities, including ones classified as critical, have been found by Positive Technologies researchers in EDS and IKS switches made by industrial networking solutions provider Moxa. The vendor has released patches and mitigations that should address the flaws.
The impacted industrial switches have been used worldwide, particularly in the energy, critical manufacturing, and transportation sectors, according to ICS-CERT.
Five security holes have been identified by Positive Technologies employees in EDS-405A, EDS-408A, and EDS-510A switches. The list includes the storage of passwords in plain text, the use of predictable session IDs, the lack of encryption for sensitive data, the lack of mechanisms for preventing brute-force attacks, and flaws that can be exploited to cause a denial-of-service (DoS) condition.
While some of these flaws can only be exploited by an authenticated attacker, it may be possible to obtain access credentials by exploiting some of the other vulnerabilities.
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Moxa’s IKS-G6824A series switches are affected by seven types of flaws, including a buffer overflow that can allow remote code execution, plaintext storage of passwords, multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) issues, failure to handle certain types of packets (which results in DoS), memory disclosure bugs, improper access control for the web interface, and cross-site request forgery (CSRF) flaws.
“The most dangerous one involved a buffer overflow in the web interface that could be performed without logging in. Exploitation of the vulnerability causes denial of service and potentially remote code execution,” Positive Technologies explained. “In the hands of attackers, the other vulnerabilities could cause permanent denial of service on the switch, reading of device memory, ability to perform various actions as a legitimate user in the device web interface, and more.”
The security holes impact EDS switches running firmware version 3.8 or lower, and IKS switches with firmware version 4.5 or lower. Many of the flaws have been addressed with the release of patches last month. The remaining issues can be mitigated by configuring the device to only use HTTPS (for EDS switches) and by using SNMP, Telnet or CLI consoles for access instead of the HTTP web console (for IKS switches).
“A vulnerable switch can mean the compromise of the entire industrial network,” said Paolo Emiliani, industry and SCADA research analyst at Positive Technologies. “If ICS components are parts of the body, you can think of network equipment as the arteries that connect them all. So disruption of network interactions could degrade or even stop ICS operations entirely.”
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